Lab Report on TLC analisys of Analgestic Drugs free essay sample

In this experiment, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine the composition of various over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics: Anacin, Bufferin, Excedrin, and Tylenol. The TLC plates were first viewed under ultraviolet (UV) light and then treated with iodine vapor in order to visualize the spotting. Experiment Scheme Initially, sixteen capillary micropipets were created in order to spot the TLC plates. Two TLC plates were then obtained and marked with pencil for spotting. A line was drawn 1 cm from the bottom of each plate, and five small, evenly spaced marks were made along those lines (see Figure 1). Each mark indicated where a substance would be spotted. All compounds used were in solutions of 1g of each dissolved in 20 ml of a 50:50 mixture of methylene chloride and ethanol. The first plate made was the reference plate. Capillary micropipets were used to spot the first four marks with acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, and salicylamide (in that order). We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on TLC analisys of Analgestic Drugs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (See figures 2-5 for chemical structures.) The last mark was spotted with a reference solution of all four chemicals. The second plate made was the sample plate. The first four marks were spotted with Anacin, Bufferin, Excedrin, and Tylenol. The fifth mark was spotted with a reference solution of all four drugs. Figure 1. Prepared TLC plates Figure 2. AcetaminophenFigure 3. Aspirin Figure 4. CaffeineFigure 5. Salicylamide A development container was created with a wide-mouthed screwcap jar. It was filled with the development solvent, which was .5% glacial acetic acid in ethyl acetate, so that the solvent was approximately . 5 cm deep.The first TLC plate was then carefully placed into the development container. Great care was taken to ensure that the plate went in evenly so that the solvent could rise evenly up the plate. Once the solvent front had reached approximately 1cm from the top of the plate, the plate was removed, the solvent front was marked with a pencil, and the plate was allowed to dry. The second plate was then placed in the development chamber in the same manner as the first. Once the solvent front reached approximately 1cm from the top of the plate, the plate was removed, the solvent front was marked with a pencil, and the plate was allowed to dry. Each plate was then viewed under the UV light. Any spots that were seen were lightly circled with a pencil, and their color was noted. The orders of elution (Rf values) were calculated by dividing the distance from the baseline to the center of the spot by the distance from the baseline to the solvent front. After all observations and calculations were made, the plates were placed in a jar containing iodine. The jar was warmed with hands so that the iodine vaporized. The plates were then removed from the jar and observed. The reference and sample plates were then compared to determine which compounds the drugs on the sample plate contained. Data

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Mary Shelly’s epic novel Frankenstein is one of the key texts in contemporary literature as it explores the possibilities of human scientific advances. The novel is full of tragedy and this may have resulted from the difficult life that the author lived in her childhood. The novel is dark and gripping, and it is an illustration of the depraved state of human beings. Frankenstein is a story full of tragedy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Frankenstein by Mary Shelley specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The novel begins in Geneva, Switzerland, with the youthful Victor Frankenstein, his adopted cousin and sister, as well as his mother and father. The first tragedy in the novel is depicted by the life of Victor. The tragedy of Victor is seen due to his loneliness and struggle with the world on his own. His tragedy was a tragedy of fulfilling the wishes of his parents, even if he did not want to. Regarding him as a to y, his parents perceived that he â€Å"was in their hands to direct to misery or happiness† (Shelley, 34). Victor’s childhood was full of miseries and this subconsciously made him to desire to have somebody he could control as he wished. More so, his parents failed to instruct him on how to differentiate between what is right and wrong. This failure led to the second tragedy in the novel: the creation of the monster. Victor had a keen interest in Natural Philosophy and Chemistry and he went to school in the town of Ingolstadt in Bavaria, Germany, where he created the monster. In spite of his desire to have someone to control, he was unable to exercise authority on the monster because it was another living being who could make its own decisions. The monster was a ‘dream come true’ to him but it brought more tragedy than he had anticipated. Because Victor did not think about the scientific consequences of his actions, this dramatically changes the mood of th e novel as the new ‘being’ creates havoc throughout the story. In the creation, he did not consider the previous warnings by various scientific experts that not paying attention to all the aspects of scientific discovery is detrimental. Once the monster knew how to read, write, and think critically, it brought tragedy to its creator as well as to other humans. Another tragedy in the novel appertains to the difficulties that faced Victor and his family after the creation of the monster. Soon, his younger brother is brutally killed and he is forced to go back home.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Upon reaching, he again comes face to face with the creature. The monster enters into a bitter argument with Victor and gives him a terrible request to create another ‘being’ to be his friend, otherwise it will not leave his family and mankind alone. The creature tells Victor that he will not relent until it gets rid of him and all his family members. The tragedies in the novel took place in a chain reaction. Victor’s parents neglected to teach him morality and he went ahead and created a being that caused chaos throughout the story. The monster was Victor’s puppet. On the other hand, Victor was his parents’ puppet. The lack of responsibility from both sides is what caused chaos in the story. Thus, the story of tragedy reveals that one evil generates another evil. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor Jones, 1818. Print.

Challenge to U.N Charter Framework on Use of Force Essay

Challenge to U.N Charter Framework on Use of Force - Essay Example Supporters of humanitarian intervention give explanation for it principally in the name of a honorable imperative: "we should not let people die." This proposal is stranded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, written in 1948. For these supporters, intervention is only justifiable when it is aggravated by a substantial abuse of human rights and when it is positioned in movement by a super national body, normally the United Nations Security Council. (Wikipedia) Humanitarian intervention proceedings are all the time approved by combination of nations, which can generate two fairly diverse circumstances: The first one is the Right to Interfere which is a phrase invented by the philosopher Jean-Francois Revel in 1979. It is the acknowledgment of the right of one or many nations to disobey the national independence of another state, when an authorization has been contracted by a supranational power. In practice, due to the humanitarian emergencies, it is frequent that the permission is supplied retroactively. The second one is the Duty to Interfere, which is a responsibility which irritates all nation-states to present support at the demand of the supranational influence. Evidently, this concept is next to the imaginative perception of humanitarian intervention. It is also thoroughly discarded by the member states of the United Nations who see this concept as an undesirable violation on their privileges. (Wikipedia) Debate Surrounding Humanitarian Intervention What motivates the humanitarian intervention dispute is an apparent nervousness involving the principles of guaranteeing admiration for essential human rights and the predominance of the principles of independence,... This study stresses that  humanitarian intervention is the warning or utilization of force by a state, cluster of states, or international association principally for the function of defending the public of the objective state from extensive withdrawals of internationally acknowledged human rights (Simons). Supporters of humanitarian intervention give explanation for it principally in the name of a honorable imperative: â€Å"we should not let people die.† This proposal is stranded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, written in 1948. For these supporters, intervention is only justifiable when it is aggravated by a substantial abuse of human rights and when it is positioned in movement by a super national body, normally the United Nations Security Council.  This discussion highlights that  what motivates the humanitarian intervention dispute is an apparent nervousness involving the principles of guaranteeing admiration for essential human rights and the predomin ance of the principles of independence, non-intervention, and strength of mind which are measured indispensable features in the preservation of harmony and worldwide protection. These standards are placed out in the United Nations Charter as elementary principles of the United Nations. However, while there are instruments within the Charter for the fortification and enforcement of harmony and worldwide protection, there are no corresponding requirements or instruments in the Charter for the fortification of human rights.

Sampling on HCC gollf clubs (market research) Essay

Sampling on HCC gollf clubs (market research) - Essay Example If one person is interested, she or he may be able to provide names of other potential participants. This type of recruiting is known as the snowball technique (Lindlof, 1995 as cited by Barnett). Other considerations include demographics. A further question is whether to target a heterogeneous (everybody is different) or homogeneous (everybody is as similar as possible) sample. Most researchers prefer a homogeneous group with the common threads being the issues for discussion (Vaughn, Schumm, & Sinagub, 1996 as cited by Barnett). In this approach it is believed that having too many different voices could detract from the overall purpose. Those advocating heterogeneous groups argue that focus groups should capture a range of opinions, and that participants should feel able to present their perspective free from the fear of appearing different. In a heterogeneous group everybody is, by definition, different. It is important to consider whether focus group members will know each other or whether they will be complete strangers. The degree of familiarity unquestionably impacts group discussions. For the purpose of this research we will consider membership lists and will also contact the Government bodies to get information lists about the people of the area to get idea of people preferences. Since the membership in HCC golf club is very low already, membership lists can support the research purpose but we cannot rely on it. The heterogeneous samples should be selected in order to gain the knowledge about the different preferences of the customers so that the areas should be effectively addressed. It is preferred that group members should not be familiar with one another in order to try to prevent acquaintances from influencing comments. We will select adults aging between 18-49, with different income levels, backgrounds and status in order to get a broader perspective regarding the tastes of the target

Analysis on Antigone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Analysis on Antigone - Essay Example An interesting twist might be to make the organized crime family Japanese, a story based upon the Yakuza rather than the more commonly known organized crime structure of the Italian mob. The setting of the play is justified because of the familial themes that are similar in both of the genres. The Greek setting is based upon royal familial ties and the need for both legitimacy in Creon’s authority and a conflict in which Antigone must defy his decision. The character interactions in the play by Sophocles are defined by their ties within a family and this makes the transition to a setting in which organized crime is involved have a strong potential. The genre of organized crime is based upon the ‘family’, thus the line of succession is a part of their power structure. That the role of Creon would be in jeopardy of losing his place would also play nicely in the organized crime genre because although family is important, it is not the only criteria for establishing power. The son of an organized crime boss or the brother is not necessarily in line to inherit the control of the syndicate. The misogyny in organized crime can also be translated from the Greek. In the literary genre of organized crime stories women typically do not have a great deal of power and are more often portrayed as victims. Women in Japanese society have a tradition of being submissive, thus the nature of Antigone would have the same meaning if translated into a modern context. She is both young and female, thus her opinion would not be taken into consideration similar to the way it was not taken into consideration in the Greek version until she acted. Although modern Japanese women have more power than in the past, the organized crime syndicate of the Yakuza is based upon lower socio-economic male members of the Japanese society who are disenfranchised and find a brotherhood with the Yakuza gangs. It is typically male oriented (Howard, 2011). The setting of Japan in

Macro economic problems of sri lanka and maldives

Macro economic problems of sri lanka and maldives Introduction Human needs and wants can be fulfilled through production of goods and services. Production can take place with the help of factors of production, which are inputs into the production, such as land, labor and capital. So production and distribution of goods and services, in order to fulfill human needs and wants directly and indirectly, is known as economy. According to Barro (2008), economy is divided into micro economic environment and macroeconomic environment. Micro economy is about economic behavior of specific individual, firms and the distribution of production among individual industries. Macro economy is mostly focused on total production, productivity, rate of employment, consumer prices, incomes of households and net import and export of a country. In this project we will focus mainly on macro economic problems such as inflation, income, unemployment, etc and trends over ten years of economic growth experienced by Sri Lanka and Maldives. And moreover the policies used by government of both countries throughout these ten years to sustain their economic growth at a favorable level. Economic growth shows the changes in real gross domestic product over time. The business Cycle Constant economic growth is not experienced by any country. For each and every country, if we observe the path of economic activity, it can be seen that there are deviation or fluctuations. At times these fluctuations will lead the economy into a more favourable position while during other times it could lead to a more devastating situation. These fluctuations in the economy are known as business cycle, and consist of periods of contraction, trough, expansion and peak. The fluctuations in the economy are usually measured in real GDP and other macroeconomic variables (Delong Olney, 2006). Source: www.imf.org Figure Business Cycle Diagram 1 above shows the business cycle for Maldives and Sri Lanka for the years starting from 1998 to 2008 measured in GDP at constant prices. As can be seen in diagram 1, both the economies of Maldives and Sri Lanka were experiencing a period of contraction from the years 1998 to 2001. After reaching to its lowest in 2001, the economy of both nations started to recover and was flourishing until the natural disaster, tsunami, left a huge impact on the economy of Maldives. However with the aid of other nations and the govt. economic policies, led to a record high economic growth rate. The economies of both countries again are facing a period of contraction from 2006 onward. This may be due the downturn in the world economy. These stages of economic downturn and prosperity shown in the business cycle are explained in more detail below. 2.1 Contraction Trough Contraction starts once the economy reaches its peak and further progress becomes difficult. When the economy reaches to its peak, economic growth starts to slowdown, as there will shortages in the economic resources (Dornbusch, et al.2008) The increasing prices, wages and interest rates would eventually halt the demand for the output and reduce the level of sales. The reduction in sales means that firms will now be holding excess supply and will reduce production and will focus more on selling their excess output. The decline in production will result in fewer amounts of resources being required by the producers. Since the producers now have a pile up inventory they will reduce purchases from suppliers. As the production of output reduces, firms will no longer require the service of some of their employees. Firms start to lay off some of their employees, starting the fear of unemployment among the labor force (Blanchard ,2009).This fear for a hardship for the future will encourage s aving. The reduction in consumer spending will lead to lower profits or even losses for the businesses. Some businesses will even go bankrupt discouraging further investments. In the contraction period the national output starts to decrease as well as prices and incomes and unemployment begins to increase(Delong Olney, 2006). The contraction stage for both countries is in the same period as per diagram 1. The economies are experiencing contractions from 1998 2001 and 2006 2009. Trough Trough is the lowest point of the contraction where the economy takes the turn. At this point countries would have unemployment rate at its highest, inflation will be low and the national output will also be at its lowest. There will be unused capacity within the economy although investments will be less due to high uncertainty towards the economy (Chamberlin Yueh, 2006). 2.1.1 Maldives During the past ten years, Maldives had experience two periods of economic contractions. These were during the periods of 1998 2001 and 2006 2008. Figure For the contraction in Maldivian economy from 2006 to 2008 the annual percent change in real GDP had decreased from 17.98 to 5.84(Figure 1). This was mainly due to the adverse effects on tourism during this period because of the world financial and economic downturn. The fishing industry, the other major contributor to the Maldivian national output, had also declined during this period as the oil price had risen during these years. The rate of inflation was on the rise mainly because of the increase in import prices, oil prices and rise in wages of the public sector as well as the large increase in government expenditure. The rate of unemployment rate is not known for all the years due to lack of data, however, for 2006 the unemployment rate stood at 7.9 percent. 2.1.2 Sri Lanka Sri Lanka continued on an economic expansion path in 2006 showing a record of 7.4 % which was the highest since 1978.This growth arose mainly from the service sector which grew to 8.3 % during the year and this contributed the highest at 62.6 %. In Contrast the growth rate in 2007 and 2008 declined compared to 2006 which was recorded at 6.8 % and 6 %respectively. Growth rate in agricultural sector (5.7%) in 2007 was moderate due to drop in production of major crops like tea and paddy, but performed well in the first half of year 2008.Industrial sector maintained a growth over 6 % till first nine months in 2008 but declined to 5.9 % in the end. This was due to global slowdown. Unemployment rate dropped substantially to 6.5 % during 2006 and continued its declining trend and dropped to the lowest rate of 5.2 % in 2008.This was mainly due to increased employment in the agriculture and construction sectors and increased in self employment. In 2006, during the early years Sri Lanka experienced a decelerating trend in inflation, which was mainly due to high monetary expansion as well as high government expenditure and borrowings. In 2007, CPI moved in an upward trend increasing to 15.8 %. This was due to terrorist disturbance in the paddy producing areas, bad weather conditions and high demand for rice due to high price in substitutes, and also high price of domestic agricultural commodities. Also due to rise in global oil and gas prices adjustment to some commodities were needed. Also, shortage in global supply and increased in demand in international commodity market caused to raise the price of major imported food commodities. Inflation reached to its peak in mid of 2008 to 28.8 % and declined significantly to 14.4 %, mainly due to the continued tight monetary policy measures by the Central Bank and the sharp declined in the international commodity prices .The increased in CPI was also fuelled by the low supply of domestic agriculture products and also high price in the international market of some imports. Meanwhile, increased in electricity charges which caused to raise price levels was also attributed in increased in inflation. 2.2 Recovery / Expansion Peak Recovery phase of business cycle comes, if government makes good decisions and productive capital investments during the period of trough or recession. In the phase of recovery economy starts to get its position and gross domestic product starts to expand instead of getting worse. Effective physical and monetary policies by the government at the time of recovery would help the economy to gear up the economic activities and establish again until it reaches to peak. In other words it is also called as expansion period of economy. Expansion occurs after an economy reaches to its previous favorable position (Blanchard ,2009). During the months of expansion it is the best time for investment and it is well-known golden time for stock market investors. When an economic expansion occurs stock goes up more than at any other time. During an economic expansion, demand for the goods and services are increased as consumers feel certainty in the economy which leads to increase their spending. More spending in the economy encourages further economic expansion such as increasing productivity, improve standard of living, and reduce unemployment by creating lot of job opportunities in the economy (Dornbusch, et al,2008). When the economy reaches its peak, the output of the nation will be at its highest, investments, inflation and incomes will be high and unemployment will be at lowest. Firms will enjoy a higher profit in this period. 2.2.1 Maldives The economic situation of Maldives was improving throughout the years from 2001 to 2006. During this economic prosperity the annual percent change in real GDP had increased from 3.45 in 2001 to 17.98 in 2006(Figure 1). Figure The major contributors the Maldivian national output, the fisheries and tourism sector had prospered during this period (figure3). Although at the end of the year 2004 the nation was almost swept away by the tsunami, the destruction faced to the economy was eventually put on track with the help of foreign aid and government investments in rebuilding the infrastructure of the country, thus aiding the growing construction industry in Maldives. The total government expenditure and revenue for this period shows just how much the economy was prospering (figure 4). Figure Annual percent change in Govt. Revenue and Expenditure The changes in unemployment rate cannot be clearly seen due to lack of data; however the number of expatriate workers had vastly increased. Unemployment rate had increased from 2000 to 2006 from 2.3 to 7.9 percent. Since, Maldives is heavily dependent on imports, any changes in the world economy has a huge impact on the domestic price level. Inflation rates largely reflect the world economic trend. 2.2.2 Sri Lanka In the year 2001, global recession and low rain fall caused to face an economic slowdown throughout the year; agriculture (-3%), Industry (-2%), Services (-0.5%) and Sri Lanka experienced a negative growth rate of 1.4 percent for the first time after 1948.As a result of favorable international environment, peace process and sufficient monetary policy, the economy of Sri Lanka recovered and recorded growth rate of 4 percent in 2002 and it accelerated in 2003 to 5.9%. Mainly growth was achieved through service sector. Due to the adverse shocks, increase in international oil prices, drought, floods and tsunami disaster at the end of 2004, annual growth had fallen to 5.4 percent. Shortage of supply in agricultural products cause inflation rate to push upward recording 14.2 percent of average inflation in 2001. Tight demand management policies by central bank, increasing number of controlled prices and expansion of domestic production cause reduction of inflation rate to 9.6% in 2002 and 6.3% in 2003. Consequently, the factors used to stable the price level are related to supply side of the economy, drought and import price of key commodities generated cost-push inflation. And average inflation rate turn unfavorable to 7.6% in 2004. The slowdown in both economic growth and investment expansion during the year 2001 and 2002 resulted increase of unemployment rate marginally to 7.8% and 9.1% respectively. Economy recovery, mostly in service sector, and employment opportunities under the policy of new government, unemployment rate was declined in 2003 and 2004. Increasing countrys external reserve, expansion of external factors and recovery of export shows an overall surplus balance of BOP in 2001, 2002 and 2003, well below the target. In 2004 there is an adverse balance on BOP because of raising reserve money caused expansion of domestic assets and reduction of net foreign assets. Macroeconomic Policies Sustainable economic growth is achieved by utilizing the monetary and fiscal economic policies efficiently. Monetary policies are mainly focused on controlling the money supply within the economy through the use of instruments such as controlling interest rates, reserve requirements, exchange rates, etc. Fiscal policies are aimed at influencing the aggregate demand in the economy by using tools such as taxation and government spending (Delong Olney, 2006). 3.1 Maldives To maintain stable economic growth, the central bank of Maldives, Maldives Monetary Authority (MMA) employs various monetary policies. One of those policies is to maintain a stable exchange rate to have price stability in the country. The instrument used to achieve this was to maintain a Minimum Requirement Reserve (MRR), MMA CDs, T-Bills, Repo Facility, Lombard facility and Rediscount facilities. These tools are used to control the money supply within the economy. When the economy moves into a contraction period these policies aim at increasing the money supply within the economy. For instance, when the economy faced a contraction in the aftermath of tsunami, MMA increased the money supply by selling T-Bills to finance the large investments of the government and the MMR was reduced thus, increasing the money supply in the economy. When the money supply increases and interest rates fall, the consumer spending increases increasing the demand for goods and services. However, in recent years, especially during 2008 and 2009, monetary policy instruments were mainly used to provide short credit facility to the government leading to rapid increase in money supply resulting with a high inflation and a shortage of foreign exchange. 3.2 Sri Lanka During the year 2001 Sri Lanka experienced a negative economic growth rate since 1948. To recover and achieve a high economic growth, Central bank started and continued to use fiscal consolidation process, increasing public investments, strengthening debt management and restructuring public enterprises. More over efforts were taken to reduce recurrent expenditures, setting up low interest rates hoping to reduce interest cost. Countrys total external reserve increased and stabilized the exchange rate enabling the central bank to purchase foreign exchange from the market. To improve domestic rupee liquidity central bank purchased foreign currency and shifted entire interest rate structure downward. In order to avoid cost push inflation, government increased the number of controlled price level. All these policies led to speed up economic growth of the country at the end of 2002. And to maintain this growth, government continued fiscal consolidation policies and tight monetary policy. A nd to gain a sufficient surplus balance on BOP some imports were controlled by imposing marginal requirements against letter of credit. In 2007 fiscal debt and public debt continue to improve despite the lower revenue collection during the year. These were achieved by rising defense expenditure, domestic interest rates, tax and duties. Government was able to reduce deficit financing from domestic banking sources. Government opted to switch more external borrowings in response unpredictable and rising domestic market interest rates. Conclusion As we observe economic trends of these two countries, both countries had fluctuations on their economic growth. As two countries are developing countries, fluctuations on their economy are mainly related to world economy. Reflections of natural disasters are the second major factor that caused slowdowns in the economic growth of these countries. Terrorist attack on 11th September 2001 and Tsunami disaster caused economic downturns for both countries. During the periods of recession and contraction, the central banks used several policies to recover their economy. Even though central bank of Maldives uses only monetary policies to sustain their economy, government of Sri Lanka used both fiscal and monetary policies to retain their favorable economic position. Appendices

Oedipus Tyrannos by Sophocles Essay -- Oedipus Tyrannos Sophocles Essa

Oedipus Tyrannos by Sophocles Sophocles uses a mixture of both visual and emotional imagery to create the morally questioning, Greek tragedy ‘Oedipus Tyrannos’. He presents the audience with an intense drama, which addresses the reality and importance of the gods that the Greeks fervently believed in. The play also forces the audience to ask themselves if there is such a concept as fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the very beginning of Oedipus, it is made clear â€Å"that his destiny be one of fate and worse†. The irony is that Oedipus unknowingly repeatedly predicts his own fate: â€Å"It was I who called down these curses on that man.† Oedipus has unconsciously married his mother and killed his father, just as the Oracle predicted. Fate is proven to be unavoidable to Oedipus as the play shows a devout belief in the Greek gods. The Gods are seen as both â€Å"protectors† and â€Å"punishers†, who can â€Å"turn fate back away†. The gods are shown to have power over everything and everyone, and whoever ignores them will be cursed by the â€Å"darts no one escapes†. Oedipus is one of these people who is seen to have ignored the gods’ warnings and therefore has brought a curse upon himself, and all those around him: â€Å"Nothing grows in the earth, nothing in the wombs of the women.† With the idea of fate comes the question of fairness. Does Oedipus deserve his pitiful destiny and if it was so pre-decided then why? It was yet again the God’s powers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It may be difficult to avoid pitying Oedipus, as despite his obvious sins, he is shown to be a respectable and honest man: â€Å"I bear more pain for the people than for my own soul†. Sophocles uses irony to increase your growing pity for Oedipus as he searches for the ‘abomination’ that is soon to be revealed as none other than himself: â€Å"That man must reveal himself to me†. Oedipus is frantic to find the killer of Laios (his real father) so as to save the city from the â€Å"hateful plague† that the gods have brought upon them. When Oedipus gouges out his own eyes, the difference between visual sight and insight is clearly represented: â€Å"Light, let this be the last time I look on you†. Oedipus cannot bear to see the destruction that he has brought upon his family. â€Å"Would the sight of my children have been pleasant?† he asks himself, now left in the depths of shame. Due to the severe punishment that Oed ipus inflicts upon himself it makes it difficult for one ... ...time to pass judgement on himself by first gauging out his own eyes, â€Å"Ranting, they would not see what evil he was suffering, what evil he was doing†, and by then ordering his people to â€Å"Expel me from this land as quickly as you can.† Oedipus’ sense of dignity also swiftly disappears toward the end of the play, but he manages to redeem himself by accepting all blame for his actions and does not even attempt to pass it on to someone else. He could have blamed anyone from his parents, the servant that saved him as a baby and even the Oracle, but he does not. He shows great courage when he says: â€Å"My evils are mine and will affect no one but me.† Oedipus goes from a man who has unquestionable and perhaps a dangerous amount of power to a man who himself relinquishes all rule of his land to live a life of misery that he feels he deserves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gods and fate play a massive role in creating the tragedy, but Sophocles leaves it up to the audience to pass final judgement on Oedipus. There is a definite moral to this play and that is no one can ever know their decided fate until they die, for â€Å"How can we say anyone is happy until he has crossed to the other side without suffering?† Oedipus Tyrannos by Sophocles Essay -- Oedipus Tyrannos Sophocles Essa Oedipus Tyrannos by Sophocles Sophocles uses a mixture of both visual and emotional imagery to create the morally questioning, Greek tragedy ‘Oedipus Tyrannos’. He presents the audience with an intense drama, which addresses the reality and importance of the gods that the Greeks fervently believed in. The play also forces the audience to ask themselves if there is such a concept as fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the very beginning of Oedipus, it is made clear â€Å"that his destiny be one of fate and worse†. The irony is that Oedipus unknowingly repeatedly predicts his own fate: â€Å"It was I who called down these curses on that man.† Oedipus has unconsciously married his mother and killed his father, just as the Oracle predicted. Fate is proven to be unavoidable to Oedipus as the play shows a devout belief in the Greek gods. The Gods are seen as both â€Å"protectors† and â€Å"punishers†, who can â€Å"turn fate back away†. The gods are shown to have power over everything and everyone, and whoever ignores them will be cursed by the â€Å"darts no one escapes†. Oedipus is one of these people who is seen to have ignored the gods’ warnings and therefore has brought a curse upon himself, and all those around him: â€Å"Nothing grows in the earth, nothing in the wombs of the women.† With the idea of fate comes the question of fairness. Does Oedipus deserve his pitiful destiny and if it was so pre-decided then why? It was yet again the God’s powers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It may be difficult to avoid pitying Oedipus, as despite his obvious sins, he is shown to be a respectable and honest man: â€Å"I bear more pain for the people than for my own soul†. Sophocles uses irony to increase your growing pity for Oedipus as he searches for the ‘abomination’ that is soon to be revealed as none other than himself: â€Å"That man must reveal himself to me†. Oedipus is frantic to find the killer of Laios (his real father) so as to save the city from the â€Å"hateful plague† that the gods have brought upon them. When Oedipus gouges out his own eyes, the difference between visual sight and insight is clearly represented: â€Å"Light, let this be the last time I look on you†. Oedipus cannot bear to see the destruction that he has brought upon his family. â€Å"Would the sight of my children have been pleasant?† he asks himself, now left in the depths of shame. Due to the severe punishment that Oed ipus inflicts upon himself it makes it difficult for one ... ...time to pass judgement on himself by first gauging out his own eyes, â€Å"Ranting, they would not see what evil he was suffering, what evil he was doing†, and by then ordering his people to â€Å"Expel me from this land as quickly as you can.† Oedipus’ sense of dignity also swiftly disappears toward the end of the play, but he manages to redeem himself by accepting all blame for his actions and does not even attempt to pass it on to someone else. He could have blamed anyone from his parents, the servant that saved him as a baby and even the Oracle, but he does not. He shows great courage when he says: â€Å"My evils are mine and will affect no one but me.† Oedipus goes from a man who has unquestionable and perhaps a dangerous amount of power to a man who himself relinquishes all rule of his land to live a life of misery that he feels he deserves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The gods and fate play a massive role in creating the tragedy, but Sophocles leaves it up to the audience to pass final judgement on Oedipus. There is a definite moral to this play and that is no one can ever know their decided fate until they die, for â€Å"How can we say anyone is happy until he has crossed to the other side without suffering?†